{"product_id":"m-111-apple","title":"M-111 Apple","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSemi-standard\/semi-vigorous apple rootstock developed through collaborative breeding program between East Malling Research Station and John Innes Institute at Merton, England, starting 1917-1922. Cross of Northern Spy × Merton 793 (which itself is Northern Spy × East Malling II). Released circa 1950. \"MM\" designation stands for Malling-Merton. Produces trees 65-90% of standard size (approximately 80-85% typical). EMLA designation indicates virus-free clone developed at East Malling\/Long Ashton research stations. Trees reach 15-20 feet at spacing.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDeveloped as part of Malling-Merton series focused on woolly apple aphid resistance. Northern Spy parent chosen specifically for aphid resistance. During 1970s-80s became standard rootstock in mid-Atlantic region and California due to excellent tree survival and self-supporting nature. Widely compatible with apple cultivars. Major strengths include disease\/pest tolerance (collar rot\/Phytophthora, fire blight resistance moderate, woolly apple aphid resistance, highly tolerant to Armillaria root rot) and adaptability to wide range of soils including heavy, wetter soils. Well-anchored, cold-hardy, self-supporting (no staking required). More precocious than standard seedling rootstocks but slower to production than dwarfing stocks (6-7 years to full production). Currently planted less heavily as commercial growers favor higher-density orchards with more dwarfing stocks. Remains popular for home orchards, wildlife plantings, and as interstem\/intergraft base. Prone to suckering and burr knots. Not as long-lived as standard seedlings.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Planting Justice","offers":[{"title":"organic \/ 5x12","offer_id":52015491252524,"sku":"52015491252524","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/plantingjustice.org\/products\/m-111-apple","provider":"Planting Justice","version":"1.0","type":"link"}