Lavalle Hawthorn

Crataegus × lavallei (syn. C. × carrierei). Small tree/large shrub. Dense rounded to irregular form, often multi-stemmed. Glossy, dark green, unlobed leathery leaves (3-6 inches long) persist late into season, turning bronzy-red to coppery-brown in autumn. Semi-evergreen in mild climates. Sharp thorns up to 2 inches. 

Small red-orange to burgundy berry-like pomes (3/8 inch), persisting through winter. Edible but not particularly tasty. Best used for visual winter interest rather than culinary purposes. High polyphenolic content. Birds favor the fruit.

Developed by Pierre Alphonse Martin Lavallée (1836-1884), 19th century botanist/horticulturist who founded Arboretum Segrez in 1856. Named after founder and further developed by Elie Abel Carrière (1818-1896). Two clones exist from original cross: one vigorous with few fruit and reddish twigs; another (likely 'Carrierei', named 1883) less vigorous with more/larger fruit and greenish twigs. Usually sold simply as C. × lavallei without cultivar distinction. Good resistance to rust and fireblight. Tolerates urban pollution, poor soils, drought. Popular ornamental in parks and streetscapes since 19th century.